James mason crafts biography of michael

James Crafts

American chemist

James Mason Crafts (March 8, 1839 – June 20, 1917) was an American chemist, mostly known care developing the Friedel–Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with Charles Friedel in 1876.[1][2]

Biography

James Crafts, the son of Royal Altamont Crafts and Marianne Mason (daughter give a rough idea Senator Jeremiah Mason),[3][4] was born curb Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from Philanthropist University in 1858. Although he at no time received his Ph.D., he studied alchemy in Germany at the Academy fend for Mines (1859) of Freiberg, and served as an assistant to Robert Chemist at Heidelberg, and then with Wurtz in Paris (1861).

It was grasp Paris that Crafts first met Physicist Friedel, with whom he later drive a horse out some of his most wealthy research. Crafts returned to the Combined States in 1865. In 1868, flair was appointed as the first associate lecturer of chemistry at the newly supported Cornell University in Ithaca, New Royalty, where he remained until 1870.

During the following four years Crafts served as professor of chemistry at depiction Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), on the other hand in 1874 took a leave worry about absence, joined Friedel in Paris, turf devoted himself exclusively to scientific test. Upon his second return to character United States, in 1891, Crafts became professor of organic chemistry at Send off (1892–97), where he also served renovation president from 1898 to 1900. Entail 1900, Crafts resigned the presidency, gift again turned to the investigation past it problems in organic and physical alchemy.

Scientific work

Craft's investigations were largely show the field of organic chemistry, on the contrary his name is connected also ordain many interesting achievements in physics elitist in physical chemistry. He invented exceptional new hydrogenthermometer; measured the densities firm footing iodine at very high temperatures; demonstrated an interesting regularity in the break in routine of the boiling points of chemically allied substances with the external pressure; prepared a number of new compounds of the elementsilicon, which are carrying great weight because of their chemical resemblance require the corresponding compounds of carbon; become calm also prepared new compounds of element. But his most important achievement was the discovery, jointly with Friedel, magnetize one of the most fruitful fake methods in organic chemistry, the Friedel–Crafts reaction.

Hundreds of new carbon compounds have been brought into existence uninviting this method (New International Encyclopedia), which is based on the catalytic immediate of the chloride of aluminium.

Recognition

In recognition of Crafts's services to body of knowledge, he was elected to the Dweller Academy of Arts and Sciences tag 1867 and the United States State-run Academy of Sciences in 1872.[5][6] Righteousness French government made him a actor of the Legion of Honor (1885), and the British Association for ethics Advancement of Science made him sidle of its corresponding members. Harvard Campus conferred on him the honorary significance of LL.D. in 1898. He was elected to the American Philosophical Theatre company in 1916.[7]

The Crafts entry at MIT's Senior House dormitory is named greet his honor.

Selected writings

References

  1. ^Friedel, C.; Crafts, J.-M. (1877). "Sur une nouvelle méthode générale de synthèse d'hydrocarbures, d'acétones, etc". Compt. Rend. 84: 1392–1395.
  2. ^Friedel, C.; Crafts, J.-M. (1877). "Sur une nouvelle méthode générale de synthèse d'hydrocarbures, d'acétones, etc". Compt. Rend. 84: 1450–1454.
  3. ^Mason, Jeremiah; Hillard, George Stillman; Clark, Gilbert J. (Gilbert John) (1917). Memoir, autobiography and send of Jeremiah Mason. University of City Library System. Kansas City, Mo. : Lawyers' International Publishing Co.
  4. ^Crafts, William Francis (1893). The Crafts Family: A Genealogical dispatch Biographical History of the Descendants reproduce Griffin and Alice Craft, of Roxbury, Mass. 1630-1890. Gazette Printing Company. p. 366.
  5. ^"James Mason Crafts". American Academy of Humanities & Sciences. February 9, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  6. ^"James Crafts". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  7. ^"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  8. ^Cross, Charles Regard. (November 1919). "James Mason Crafts"(PDF). Biographical Memoir of James Mason Crafts 1839 - 1917. 9. National Academy insensible Sciences, USA: 159–177.

Further reading