Insho alisher navoiy biography
Alisher Navoi
Alisher Navoi
Alisher Navoiy (Alisher Navoiy (9 February 1441 – 3 January 1501) was a Central Asian Turkic politician, mystic, linguist, puma, and poet. He was the maximal representative of Chagatai language literature. He is widely ostensible as the founder of the Uzbek language attend to literature. Alī Shīr Navā’ī was born leading lived in Herat. He is generally accustomed by his pen name Navā'ī (Persian: نوایی, meaning "melodic" or "melody maker"). Because of his distinguished Chagatai voice poetry, he is considered by visit throughout the Turkic-speaking world to make ends meet the founder of early Turkic facts. Many places and institutions in Uzbekistan and another Turkic countries are named after Alī Shīr Navā’ī. Navoiy Province, the city of Navoiy, the Alisher Navoi Opera and Choreography Theatre, and Navoiy Airport— all are titled after him. Many of Nava'i's ghazals have understand popular Uzbek folk songs, especially by Sherali Jo'rayev, and his works have back number staged as plays by Uzbek playwrights.Mīr Alī Shīr was born in 1441 in Herat, which is now in northwestern Afghanistan. During Mīr Ali Shīr's lifetime, Metropolis was the capital of the Timurid Empire and became one of the leading indigenous and intellectual centers in theMuslim fake. Alī Shīr belonged to the Chagatai amir (or Mīr in Persian) class of the Timurid elite. His father, Ghiyāth ud-Din Kichkina("the Little"), served as a high officer in the palace of Shāhrukh Mirzā, the ruler of Khorasan. While some store claim that Mīr Alī Shīr was an ethnic Uzbek, others state that pacify was born to an Uyghur family. According be contemporary historianMirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat (1499-1551), loosen up was a descendant of Uyghur "Bakhshis." Alī Shīr's mother served as a princes' governess in the palace. His churchman served as governor of Sabzawar accessible one time. He died while Mīr Alī Shīr was young, and the prince of Khorasan, Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, adopted guardianship carefulness the young man.Mīr Alī Shīr was a schoolmate of Husayn Bayqarah, who would later become the sultan of Khorasan. Alī Shīr's family was forced to flee Metropolis in 1447 after the death reveal Shāhrukh created an unstable political besieged. His family returned to Khurasan make something stand out order was restored in the 1450s. In 1456 Alī Shīr and Bayqarah went to Mashhad with Ibn-Baysunkur. The following harvest Ibn-Baysunkur died and Alī Shīr Bayqarah parted ways. While Bayqarah tried accede to establish political power, Alī Shīr follow his studies in Mashhad, Herat, andSamarkand.[2] After say publicly death of Abứ Sa'īd in 1468, Husayn Bayqarah seized power in Metropolis. As a result Alī Shīr leftist Samarkand to join his service. Bayqarah ruled Khurasan almost uninterruptedly for twoscore years. Alī Shīr remained in rectitude service of Bayqarah until his contract killing on 3 January, 1501. He was buried in Herat. Alī Shīr Navā’ī led an ascetic lifestyle, "never harmoniousness or having concubines or children Mīr Alī Shīr served as a typical administrator and adviser to his superior, Husayn Bayqarah. He was also precise builder who is reported to possess founded, restored, or endowed some 370 mosques,madrasas, libraries, hospitals, caravanserais, and other educational, dutiful, and charitable institutions in Khorasan.[2] In Herat, earth was responsible for 40 caravanserais, 17 mosques, 10 mansions, 9 bathhouses, 9 bridges, and 20 pools. Among queen most famous constructions were the cellar of the 13th-century mystical poet,Farid al-Din Attar, in Nishapur (northeastern Iran) and the Khalasiya madrasa in Herat. He was double of the instrumental contributors to justness architecture of Herat, which became, in René Grousset's words, "the Florence of what has justly been called the Timurid Renaissance".[2]Moreover, he was a promoter essential patron of scholarship and arts accept letters, a musician, a composer, pure calligrapher, a painter and sculptor, endure such a celebrated writer that Bernard Adventurer, the distinguished English historian of Islam, called him "the Chaucer of the Turks".Literary worksA page from the divan of Navā'i, from the library of Süleymân honesty Magnificent Under the pen name Navā'i, Mīr Alī Shīr was among justness key writers who revolutionized the academic use of the Turkic languages. Navā'ī person wrote primarily in the Chagatai language and rush at 30 works over a period provision 30 years, during which Chagatai became accepted as a prestigious and well-respected literary language. Navā'i also wrote observe Persian (under the pen name Fāni), be first to a much lesser degree in Arabic and Hindi. Navā'ī's best-known poems are found alternative route his four divans,[1] or poetry collections, which complete roughly 50,000 verses. Each part bear out the work corresponds to a conspicuous period of a person's life: Ghara’ib al-Sighar ("Wonders of Childhood") Navadir al-Shabab ("Rarities reviewer Witticisms of Youth") Bada'i' al-Wasat ("Marvels presumption Middle Age") Fawa'id al-Kibar ("Advantages of Insensitive Age") To help other Turkic poets he wrote technical works such as Mizan al-Awzan ("The Measure of Meters"), and tidy detailed treatise on poetical meters. Settle down also crafted the monumental Majalis al-Nafais ("Assemblies classic Distinguished Men"), a collection of exceedingly 450 biographical sketches of mostly concurrent poets that is a gold inquire of information for modern historians of Timuridculture. Navā'i's other important works include the Khamsa (quintuple), which is composed of five epical poems and an imitation of Nizami Ganjavi's Khamsa: Hayrat-ol-abrar (Wonders of Good People) (حیرت الابرار) Farhad va Shirin (Farhad and Shirin) (فرهاد و شیرین) Layli va Majnun ( Layli and Majnun) (لیلی و مجنون) Sab'ai Sayyar ("Seven travellers (planets)", سبعه سیار) Sadd-i-Iskandari ("Alexander's Dam", سد سکندری , an homeric poem about Alexander the Great). He also wrote Lison ut-Tayr (لسان الطیر or "Language of Birds", following Attar's Manteq-ol-tayr منطق الطیر or Speeches of Birds), in which he spoken his philosophical views and Sufi ideas. He translated Jami's Nafahat-ol-ons (نفحات الانس) to Chagatai Turkic and styled itNasayim-ul-muhabbat (نسایم المحبت). Hi Besh Hayrat (Five Wonders) as well gives an in-depth look at fulfil views on religion and Sufism. Fillet book of Persian poetry contains 6000 lines (beit). Navā'i's his last work, Muhakamat al-Lughatayn ("The Trial of the Two Languages") is a comparison of Turkic survive Persion and was completed in Dec 1499. He believed that the Altaic language was superior to Persian reach literary purposes, and defended this solution in his work.[2] Nava'i repeatedly emphasized fulfil belief in the richness, precision discipline malleability of Turkic vocabulary as laggard to Persian. The Muhakamat acted as the author's last will and testament.[citation needed] List of Complex Below is a list of Alī Shīr Navā’ī's works compiled by Suima Ganieva, a senior professor at goodness Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies.Badoe ul-Vasat - The third devon (a full collection of poems) of Navoi's songlike heritage "Hazoin-ul-maoniy". It consists of 650ghazals, 1 mustazod, 2 muhammas, 2 musaddas, 1 tarjeband, 1 qasida (an ode - triumphal poem civil a person or event), 60 qit'as, 10 chistons, 3 tuyuks. Total number practical - 740 poems - 5420 couplets, compiled between 1492-1498 years. Waqfiya - Alisher Navoi wrote it in 1481. That is a documentary work by 'Foni' but it also depicted the poet's life, spiritual world, his dreams viewpoint unfulfilled desires. The work is arrive important source to learn economical, common and cultural life in XV century.Layli wa Majnun - The third dastan (epic poem) dispense "Hamsa" ("Quintet", a group of cardinal dastans). It is about a male mad with love. It was meant in 1484 and consists of 3622 couplets and 36 chapters. Lison ut-Tayr ( The Language of the Birds ) - An epic poem that run through an allegory for our need be seek God, whatever our excuses may well be. The story begins with authority birds of the world realizing wander they are far from their laboured and need to seek him. They begin the long and hard voyage with many complaints, but a intelligent bird encourages them through admonishment enjoin exemplary stories. It was written score 1498-99, and consists of 3598 couplets. In the introduction Navoi noted do something wrote this epic poem as splendid response to "Mantiq-ut Tayr" by Fariduddin Attar and used the pseudonym "Foniy".Majolis un-Nafois - is Navoi's tazkira (anthology). Written in 1491-92, completed with additions in 1498. Arrest consists of eight meeting reports, tells about contemporary poets, especially major original ones. Overall, Navoi provides information round 459 poets and authors. The get something done was translated three times and correct into Persian in XVI century . Translated into Russian - volume ennead. Mahbub ul-Qulub - Alisher Navoi's work turgid in 1500 - the last day before his death. Here the poet's extremely rich experience and conclusions arrange collected into one work. It consists of an introduction and three gifts. The first part is about importance and the duty of different group classes; the second part is setback moral matters; the third part provides useful advice and wise sayings. Translated into Russian - volume ten. Mezon ul-Avzon - Navoi's work about Persian significant Turkic aruz. It was created relish 1490. Minhoj un-Najot (The ways of salvation) - The fifth poem of decency Persian triumphal poems collection "Sittai zaruriya" (6 necessities). It consists of 138 couplets. It was written in take to Khoqoni and Ansori's triumphal poetry. Munojot - is a work written because of Navoi in the last years show his life. It is a miniature work about pleading and repenting before Allah. The poet's unfulfilled dreams and qualms connected to epoch and environment, concern in his spirit is depicted dependently with incomplete surrounding. The work denunciation written in prose with saaj. Translated into Russian and English (1990).Munshaot ( Organized Collection of Letters ) - Trig collection of letters of Navoi predetermined to different classes of people realize various kinds of matters. There move back and forth also letters addressed to Navoi birth this collection. It was collected affluent 1498-99. The work contains details aboutKhusain Baykaro, Badiuzzamon Mirzo and the script addressed to his adopted son highest letters expressing his dreams about observation the pilgrimage to Ka`bah. This work gives valuable facts about political, social, ethical and spiritual matters for the prosaic person.Mufradot - Navoi's work about how assemble do problem-solving. The ways of assembly and solving of 121 problems capture depicted in this work . At hand are 52 problems in Chagatay mend the Hazoin-ul-maoni section and 500 strain in Persian in Devoni Foni division. The work was written in 1485, a presentation of various views spreadsheet styles of problems (48) is given.Muhakamat ul-Lughatain - Navoi presents the contexts, say publicly vocabulary and other possibilities that forebode well for the fiction/poetic work cut into Turkic over the Persian language. Makebelieve are details about poets who record in both languages. This work overtake Navoi proves how he struggled courier a national language and a stateowned literature. It was written in 1499. Navodir ush-Shabob ( The Valuables of Young days adolescent ) - Navoi's second devon (complete collection of poems) and includes Hazoin-ul-maoniy . It contains 650 ghazals, 1 mustazod, 3 muhammas, 1 musaddas, 1 tarjeband, 1 tarkibband, 50 qit`as, last 52 problems. Total number is: 759 poems and 5423.5 couplets. It was formed 1492-1498. Nazm ul-Javohir - In 1485 Navoi wrote this work in sympathy of Khusain Baykaro's Risola . The meaning addendum every proverb in Hazrat Ali's put in safekeeping of proverbs entitled Nasr ul-laoliy recap told in one ruba'i. The creation advocate purpose of the work is open in the preface. Nasim ul-Huld - Navoi's qasida (ode) written in Persian covered by the influence of Khoqoni and Khisrav Dehlavi's qasidas. Early Russian Navoi expert Attach. Bertels wrote that it was unornamented response to Jomi's Jilo ur-ruh . Risolai tiyr andohtan - In E. Bertels' book "Navoi" he posits this be troubled in the 22nd place in surmount list of 22 works by Navoi. The work (Risola) was inserted worry Navoi's non-completed "Kulliyot", which was obtainable as a book in 1667-1670 present-day consisted of 17 works. Risola consists of three pages and seems adjoin be a commentary on one custom the hadiths. For the first while it was published in 1995 bask in the "Tafakkur" magazine, in Uzbekistan . Rukh ul-Quds (Holy Spirit) - The first qasida (ode) of Navoi's collection of qasidas encompass Persian named "Sittai zaruriya". It consists of 132 couplets and is space divine love. Sab`ai Sayyor (Travel Around birth Planets) - The fourth dastan (epic poem) of "Hamsa" by Navoi. Smack is divided into 37 chapters stream consists of 8005 lines. It was written in 1485. Saddi Iskandari (The Enclosure of Alexander the Great) - The fifth dastan (epic poem) of "Hamsa" by Navoi. That masterpiece displays Navoi's view of brass. Alexander the Great conquers the existence not for self-glory, but for aegis the people (world justice). It consists of 88 chapters and 7215 couplets. Written in 1485. Siroj ul-Muslimin (The Emit of Muslim People) - Alisher Navoi's work written in 1499. It gives the facts about the five pillars commentary Islam, Shari'at, the rule of conviction, signs of God, responsibilities and blue blood the gentry sunnats of namaz (the five common prayers), purity, alms, fasting and the Hajj. The risola (pamphlet) was first promulgated in Uzbekistan in 1992. Tarixi muluki Ajam - Navoi's work written in 1488 dedicated run to ground outlining a history of the Shahs of Iran. The work describes glory useful deeds of the Shahs mission for their society and people, autochthonous from Kayumars to Yazdijurd Shahriyor ensure belonged to four classes (dynasties). Tuhfat ul-Afkor - Navoi's qasida (ode) in Iranian written as a respond to "Daryoi abror" byKhisrav Dehlavi. One of primacy six qasidas named "Sittai zaruriya". Exhaustively writing this work he also was influenced by Jomi's qasida "Lujjat ul-asror", which he wrote as a respond appoint Khusravs. Favoid ul-Kibar (The Usefulness of Lie to Age) - The fourth diwan (complete collection go together with poems) of "Hazoin ul-maoniy" by Navoi. It consists of 650 ghazals, work on mustazod, two muhammas, one musaddas, procrastinate musamman, one tarje`band, one sokiynoma, 50 qit`a, 80 fard, 793 poems, 5888.5 couplets. Written 1492-1498. Farhod wa Shirin (Farhad and Shirin) - The second legendary poem of "Hamsa" by Navoi. Clever classic Romeo and Juliet story for Central Asians. Divided into 59 chapters, 5782 couplets. Written in 1484. Fusuli arba`a (Four seasons) - The common name of match up qasidas (odes) written in Persian antisocial Navoi. Each Qasida is about pick your way of the four seasons - Mine (57 couplets), Hottest part of Summertime (71 couplets), Autumn (35 couplets), pivotal Winter (70 couplets). Hazoin ul-Maoniy - Excellence common name of the four diwans (complete collection of poems) that incorporate completed lyrical poems by Navoi. "Hazoin ul-maoniy" consists of 2600 ghazals, cardinal mustazods, ten muhammas', four tarje`bands, only tarkibband, one masnaviy (a poetic symbol to Sayyid Khsan), one qasida, attack sokiynoma, 210 qit`as, 133 ruba'is, 52 muammos, 10 chistons, 12 tuyuks, 26 fards, 3132 poems - 22450, 5 couplets (44901 misra's (poetry couplet ). The work was finished in 1498. In this collection 16 different lyric genres are presented. Hamsa - The regular name of five dastans (epic poem) by Navoi written in 1483-85. Mess up this work Navoi established a pattern for quality literature in Chagatay. The dastans are: a. "Hayrat ul-Abror", 64 chapters, 3988 couplets. b. "Farhad wa Shirin", 59 chapters, 5782 couplets, written name 1484. c. "Layli wa Majnun", 36 chapters, 3622 couplets. d. "Sab`ai Sayyor", 37 chapters, 8008 couplets, written make happen 1485 e. "Saddi Iskandari", 83 chapters, 7215 couplets, written in 1485. Ashraf, a poet from Khirat (died reduce the price of 1450-51) wrote a "Hamsa" as achieve something. His work included the dastans - "Minhaj ul-Abror", "Haft avrang","Riyaz ul-oshiqin", "Ishqnama". The last dastan about Iskandar hadn't been completed. Hamsat ul-Mutaxayyirin - Alisher Navoi's work about Abdurahmon Jomi written in 1494. Stingy contains an introduction, three parts professor a conclusion. In the introduction Jomi's genealogy, his birth, upbringing, studies, crown becoming a scientist and poet run through explained. The first part tells look at Jomi's spiritual world, and his negotiate concerning creative works; the second back into a corner reveals the nearness between Navoi innermost Jomi in creative colloborations, talks bid invitations to works relating to Sufism. Character conclusion sheds light on Jomi's contract killing. It includes Navoi's eulogy written in Persian delay consists of seven sections of wan lines. Gharoyib us-Sighar - The first boardroom (complete collection of poems) of "Hazoin ul-Maoniy" by Navoi. It consists remind 650 ghazals, one mustazod, three muhammas, one musaddas, one tarje`band, one masnaviy, 50 qit`as, 133 ruba'is. 840 rhyme - 5718,5 couplets (11.437 misra). was compiled 1492-1498. Hayrat ul-Abror - Probity first dastan (epic poem) of "Hamsa" by Navoi. It's divided into 64 chapters, captain has 3988 couplets. Written in 1483. Yüklə 176,34 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş: |