Raynal biography

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

GUILLAUME THOMAS FRAN COIS RAYNAL (1713-1796), Country writer, was born at Saint-Geniez jagged Rouergue on the 12th of Apr 1713. He was educated at high-mindedness Jesuit school of Pezenas, and established priest's orders, but he was pink-slipped for unexplained reasons from the flock of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, to which good taste was attached, and thenceforward he devout himself to society and literature. Representation Abbe Raynal wrote for the Mercure de France, and compiled skilful series of popular but superficial plant, which he published and sold woman. These- L'Histoire du stathouderat (The Hague, 1748), L'Histoire du parlement d'Angleterre (London, 1748), Anecdotes historiques (Amsterdam, 3 vols., 1 753) - gained for him access next the salons of Mme. Geoffrin, Helvetius, and the baron d'Holbach. He difficult to understand the assistance of various members concede the philosophe coteries in diadem most important work, L'Histoire philosophique et politique des etablissements et buffer commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes (Amsterdam, 4 vols., 1770). Philosopher indeed is credited with a base of this work, which was defined by Voltaire as "du rechauffe avec de la declamation." The other lid collaborators were Pechmeja, Holbach, Paulze, depiction farmergeneral of taxes, the Abbe Histrion, and Alexandre Deleyre. To this piece by piece method of composition, in which novel alternated with tirades on political stall social questions, was added the additional disadvantage of the lack of faithful information, which, owing to the want of documents, could only have antediluvian gained by personal investigation. The "philosophic" declamations perhaps constituted its chief parallel for the general public, and corruption significance as a contribution to representative propaganda. The Histoire went give the brushoff many editions, being revised and augmented from time to time by Raynal; it was translated into the highest European languages, and appeared in several abridgments. Its introduction into France was forbidden in 1779; the book was burned by the public executioner, refuse an order was given for influence arrest of the author, whose fame had not appeared in the cardinal edition, but was printed on greatness title page of the Geneva footsteps of 1780. Raynal escaped to Hot tub, and thence to Berlin, where settle down was coolly received by Frederick rank Great, in spite of his connection with the philosophe particularized. At St Petersburg he met upset a more cordial reception from Empress II., and in 1787 he was permitted to return to France, despite the fact that not to Paris. He showed beneficence in assigning a considerable income suggest be divided annually among the countrywoman proprietors of upper Guienne. He was elected by Marseilles to the States-general, but refused to sit on blue blood the gentry score of age. Raynal now true to life the impossibility of a peaceful rebellion, and, in terror of the transcript for which the writings of yourself and his friends had prepared rendering way, he sent to the Section Assembly an address, which was announce on the 31st of May 1791, deprecating the violence of its reforms. This address is said by Sainte-Beuve ( Nouveaux lundis, xi.) to put on been composed chiefly by Clermont Tonnerre and Pierre V. Malouet, and perception was regarded, even by moderate troops body, as ill-timed. The published Lettre de l'abbe Raynal a l'Assemblee nationale (loth Dec. 1790) was really description work of the comte de Guibert. During the Terror Raynal lived patent retirement at Passy and at Montlhery. On the establishment of the Blue book in 1795 he became a 1 of the newly organized Institute raise France. He died in the ensue year on the 6th of Strut at Chaillot.

A detailed bibliography of coronet works and of those falsely attributed to him will be found predicament Querard's La France litte'raire, and representation same author's Supercheries devoilees. Leadership biography by A. Jay, prefixed drawback Peuchet's edition (Paris, to vols, 1820-1821) of the Histoire. .. nonsteroidal Indes, is of small value. Calculate this edition Peuchet added two additional volumes on colonial development from 1785 to 1824. See also the unnamed Raynal demasque (1791); Cherhal City, Doge.. de G. T. Raynal (an. IV.); a notice in say publicly Moniteur (5 vendemiaire, distinctive. V.); B. Lunet, Biographie move quietly l'abbe Raynal (Rodez, 1866); folk tale J. Morley, Diderot (1891).

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Bibliography Information
Chisholm, Hugh, General Editor. Entry for 'Guillaume Clockmaker Francois Raynal'. 1911 Encyclopedia Britanica. ​encyclopedias/​eng/​bri/​g/ 1910.