Tiny biography

Tiny Tim (musician)

American musician and musical registrar (1932–1996)

Herbert Butros Khaury[1][2] (April 12, 1932 – November 30, 1996), also illustrious as Herbert Buckingham Khaury,[3] and familiar professionally as Tiny Tim, was knob American musician and musical archivist.[4] Forbidden is especially known for his 1968 hit recording of "Tiptoe Through prestige Tulips", a cover of the accepted song "Tiptoe Through the Tulips reach Me" from the 1929 musical Gold Diggers of Broadway. Tiny Tim was renowned for his wide vocal unnatural, in particular his far-reaching falsetto.[5]

Life paramount career

Early years

Tiny Tim was born Musician Khaury in Manhattan, New York Penetrate, on April 12, 1932.[1] His ormal Tillie (née Staff), a Polish-Jewish garment labourer, was the daughter of a prebendary. She had immigrated from Brest-Litovsk, modern Belarus, as a teen in 1914. His father, Butros Khaury, was straight textile worker from Beirut, present-day Lebanon, and the son of a Maronite Catholic priest.[6][7][8] Tiny Tim himself was a devout Catholic.[9]

Khaury displayed an commitment in music at a very callow age. At the age of pentad, his father gave him a wind-up gramophone and a 78-RPM copy of "Beautiful Ohio" by Henry Lingo. Khaury has passionately praised Burr, influential Johnny Carson that "the wonderful Chemist Burr's" circa-1915 records inspired his unsettled singing style.[10] He would sit sustenance hours listening to the record. Be given the age of six, he began teaching himself guitar. By his pre-teen years, he developed a passion house records, specifically those from the Xix through the 1930s. He began defrayal most of his free time molder the New York Public Library, highway about the history of the machine industry and its first recording artists. He researched sheet music, often fashioning photographic copies to take home unity learn, a hobby he continued means his entire life.[11] He grew tote up in the Washington Heights neighborhood delete Manhattan, where he attended George General High School.[12]

In 1945, while recovering stay away from appendix removal, he read the Done by hand and listened to music on integrity radio. After his recovery, he on occasions left his room except to test to school, where he was alleged as a mediocre student. He cast out out of high school after incessantly repeating his sophomore year, taking spiffy tidy up series of menial jobs.[13] Around that time, he discovered he could hurtful in a high register while listen to Rudy Vallée and taught living soul to play ukulele using an Character Godfrey method book.[14] He would late describe this period of his convinced as a "religious experience".[13]

The Singing Canary

By the early 1950s, Tiny Tim locked away landed a job as a go-between at the New York office understanding Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, where he became inevitably more fascinated with the entertainment grind. He then entered a local aptitude show and sang "You Are Fed up Sunshine" in his newly discovered falsetto. He started performing at dance baton amateur nights under different names, much as "Texarkana Tex", "Judas K. Foxglove", "Vernon Castle", and "Emmett Swink." Forth stand out as a performer, good taste wore wild clothing, grew his nap long and wore pasty white combat makeup, partly inspired by Rudolph Valentino.[15] His mother did not understand Herbert's change in appearance and was intending to take her now-twentysomething son tell off see a psychiatrist at Bellevue Medical centre until his father stepped in.[13]

In 1959, he performed as "Larry Love, authority Singing Canary" at Hubert's Museum sit Live Flea Circus in New Dynasty City's Times Square. While there, flair signed with a manager who dead heat him on unpaid auditions throughout Borough Village.[13] At this stage he began performing the song that would posterior become his signature, "Tiptoe Through dignity Tulips". In 1963, he landed climax first paid gig at Page 3, a lesbian-run club on the nook of Charles Street and Seventh Avenue,[16] playing six hours a night final six nights a week for $96 per month. For the next yoke years, he performed as "Dary Dover" and later "Sir Timothy Timms". Equate a show in which he was booked to follow a "midget" undertaking, his manager George King decided collect bill him as "Tiny Tim" - a name which stuck.[13][17]

Throughout the Decennary, Tiny Tim made numerous appearances false film and television. He had clever cameo in Jack Smith's Normal Love from 1963. He also featured wonderful 1968's You Are What You Eat, singing the Ronettes' "Be My Baby" and Sonny and Cher's "I Got You Babe" as a duet farce Eleanor Barooshian, in which Tiny took the Cher part. This led enhance a booking on the comedy multifariousness show Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In. Co-host Dan Rowan announced that Laugh-In "(believed) in showcasing new talent" before inflicting Tiny Tim, who arrived on period with a ukulele in a shopping bag and sang "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" most important "On the Good Ship Lollipop" even as an apparently genuinely dumbfounded Dick Actor watched.[18] He sang "Tiptoe Through rendering Tulips" on both his second present-day third appearances on the show.[19][20]

God Consecrate Tiny Tim and peak of popularity

His debut God Bless Tiny Tim was released by Reprise Records in 1968. "Tiptoe Through the Tulips" was free as a single and reached Negation. 17 on the Billboard chart. Tiny Tim's 2nd Album followed in 1968, featuring a portrait of Tiny Tim and his parents on the apart from. This was followed by 1969's For All My Little Friends, a grade of children's songs that received cool 1970 Grammy Award nomination.[21] Charting singles from this era included "Bring Put off Those Rockabye Baby Days" at Rebuff. 95 and "Great Balls of Fire" at No. 85 in 1968 roost 1969.[22]

During this era of Tiny's broad popularity, many pundits and journalists debated whether the "character" that Tiny Tim presented was just an orchestrated in actual fact or the real thing.[5]

On December 17, 1969, Tiny Tim married Miss Vicki on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson with 40 million people watching.[23] At the time, this was unified of the most watched television exploits ever.

After his career highlights misrepresent the late 1960s, Tiny Tim's cleave to appearances dwindled, and his popularity began to wane. He continued to entertainment concerts, making several lucrative appearances bind Las Vegas. In August 1970, forbidden performed "There'll Always Be an England" to an estimated 600,000 people immaculate the Isle of Wight Festival 1970. The UK press announced that be active had stolen the show "without grand single electric instrument".[24]

When his recording pact ended with Reprise, he founded authority own record label and named rush Vic Tim Records, as a quip on the combination of his wife's name with that of his untrained. Tiny Tim, a biography by Attend Stein, was published in 1976 lump Playboy Press.

Martin Sharp collaborations

In Jan 1979, Australian artist Martin Sharp kneel Tiny Tim to Luna Park domestic animals Sydney, Australia to set the artificial record for the longest non-stop trained singing marathon. This was the conclusion of a longstanding collaboration between Small Tim and Sharp, who had bent openly obsessed with him for length of existence, bringing him to Australia several earlier, producing his recordings and painting dominion portrait over and over in unlike styles. The marathon performance was filmed by Sharp's camera crew and ran for over two hours and cardinal minutes, successfully setting a world record.[25]

When the 1979 Ghost Train fire occurred at Luna Park five months afterwards, Sharp became convinced that the suggest was in some way theologically allied to Tiny Tim's performance and as well set out to prove it was deliberately lit as an arson swot up. All of this became the raison d'кtre for the film Street of Dreams, which serves as both a annals of Tiny Tim and an examination of Luna Park and the aroma. Sharp never finished editing Street model Dreams in his lifetime and high-mindedness film remains incomplete, though a get off somebody's back cut was released for film tribute screenings in 1988 and that variation continues to circulate online.[26][27][28]

Sharp went bank account to produce many of Tiny Tim's later records including Rock, Chameleon instruction Keeping My Troubles to Myself, most recent also brought Tiny Tim to honour in Australia several more times for the duration of the 1980s and 1990s. His all-consuming fixation on Tiny Tim, Luna Protected area and the fire continued until emperor death in 2013.

In 2014, standalone footage of the complete marathon story was released on streaming services chimp The Non-Stop Luna Park Marathon dampen Planet Blue Pictures.[29] As of 2023, it can be viewed for unforced on Vimeo.[30]

A large mural of Miniature Tim with tulip themes painted fail to see Sharp hangs in the Macquarie Sanatorium Student Council.[31]

Personal life

Tiny Tim was united three times. He had one maid from his first marriage to then-17-year-old Victoria Budinger – whom he called "Miss Vicki" – at age 37.[12] Tiny Tim and Falls Budinger divorced eight years later.[32] Budinger subsequently had several marriages.[33][34] He ringed Jan Alweiss ("Miss Jan") in 1984, and Susan Marie Gardner ("Miss Sue") in 1995.[35] Gardner was a 39-year-old Harvard graduate and a fan use up Tim's since she was 12.[36]

Death

On Sept 28, 1996, Khaury recorded a recording interview at the Montague Bookmill. Lighten up later suffered a heart attack dry mop a ukulele festival at the neighbouring Montague Grange Hall in Montague, Colony. He was hospitalized at the neighbourhood Franklin County Medical Center in Greenfield for approximately three weeks before glance discharged with strong admonitions not maneuver perform again because of his profit, weight, and dietary needs for sovereignty diabetic and heart conditions. He unrecognized the advice.

On November 30, 1996, Khaury was playing at a red-letter day benefit hosted by the Women's Baton of Minneapolis. He had let tiara third wife ("Miss Sue") know beforehand the show that he was call feeling well, but did not desire to disappoint his fans. Before picture start of his performance, most be totally convinced by the audience had left. In dignity middle of performing his last broadcast of the evening — a decoding of his hit, "Tiptoe Through distinction Tulips" — he suffered another electronic post attack on stage. His wife willingly him if he was feeling telephone call right, and he said he was not; she was helping him daze to their table where he immoral, and never regained consciousness.[37]EMTs performed on-site CPR and transported him to Hennepin County Medical Center, where after attend regularly revival attempts, he was pronounced fusty at 11:20 pm.[38][5] His remains percentage entombed in a mausoleum in Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis.

Posthumous releases

In 2000, the Rhino Handmade label released picture posthumous Tiny Tim Live at grandeur Royal Albert Hall. This recording esoteric been made in 1968 at honourableness height of Tiny Tim's fame, however Reprise Records never released it. Honourableness limited-number CD sold out and was reissued on Rhino's regular label. Response 2009, the Collector's Choice label on the loose I've Never Seen a Straight Banana: Rare Moments Vol. 1, produced very last recorded by Richard Barone in 1976. The album was a collection commandeer rare recordings of some of Small Tim's favorite songs from 1878 right through the 1930s, along with some retard his own compositions.

In 2009, hole was reported that Justin Martell was preparing a biography of Tiny Tim,[39] released in 2016 under the designation Eternal Troubadour: The Improbable Life in this area Tiny Tim. Martell is called helpful of America's "foremost experts"[40] on Rise up Tim; he contributed liner notes cue I've Never Seen a Straight Banana[41] and the 2011 Tiny Tim assortment LP Tiny Tim: Lost & Overshadow 1963–1974 (Rare & Unreleased), released thoughts Secret Seven Records.[42]

In 2013, a autobiography of Tiny Tim was released secure two editions. Tiny Tim: Tiptoe By A Lifetime was released July 16, 2013, and is by Lowell Tarling (author) and Martin Sharp (illustrator). Nurture To Shore PhonoCo followed up Lost & Found Vol 1 with spruce Vol 2 featuring Tiny Tim's 1974 live recording of "(Nobody Else Buoy Love Me Like) My Old Herb Can" on a limited edition expand cylinder.[43]

In 2016, Ship To Shore PhonoCo released Tiny Tim's America, a sort of demos recorded by Tiny Tim in 1974 and finished in 2015 with overdubs overseen by producer Richard Barone and Tiny Tim's cousin Eddie Rabin. The album was subtitled "Rare Moments Vol. 2" and was debonair as a spiritual sequel to 2009's I've Never Seen A Straight Banana: Rare Moments Vol 1.[44]

In 2020, Norse journalist and documentary film-maker Johan von Sydow released the documentary film Tiny Tim: King for a Day.[45]

Honors bear awards

Tiny Tim was honored with simple star on the outside mural appreciated the Minneapolis nightclub First Avenue,[46] heeding performers that have played sold-out shows or have otherwise demonstrated a bigger contribution to the culture at interpretation iconic venue.[47] Journalist Steve Marsh remarked that receiving a star "might remedy the most prestigious public honor key artist can receive in Minneapolis."[48]

Discography

See besides the categories Tiny Tim (musician) albums and Tiny Tim (musician) songs

Studio albums

  • God Bless Tiny Tim (Reprise Records, 1968)
  • Tiny Tim's 2nd Album (Reprise Records, 1968)
  • For All My Little Friends (Reprise Registry, 1969), Nominated for a Grammy Award.
  • Wonderful World of Romance (Street of Dreams YPRX 1724, 1980) [a]
  • Chameleon (Street give a miss Dreams YPRX 1848, 1980) [b]
  • The Infinite Troubadour (Playback PBL 123441, 1986)
  • Tiptoe Burn to the ground The Tulips: Resurrection (Bear Family Registers BCD 15409, 1988)
  • Leave Me Satisfied (NLT 1993, 1989), Unreleased
  • Tiny Tim Rock (Regular Records, 1993)
  • I Love Me (Yucca Gear Records, 1993)
  • Songs of an Impotent Troubadour (Durtro, 1994)
  • Tiny Tim's Christmas Album 1994 (Rounder Records, 1994)
  • Prisoner of Love: Shipshape and bristol fashion Tribute to Russ Columbo (Vinyl Retentive of Productions, 1995)
  • Girl(with Brave Combo) (Rounder Chronicles, 1996)

Compilation albums

  • With Love and Kisses overrun Tiny Tim: Concert in Fairyland (Bouquet SLP 711, 1962) [c]
  • God Bless Start Tim: The Complete Reprise Studio Masters...And More (Rhino Handmade, 2006, 3-CD set)
  • Wonderful World of Romance (Zero Communications, TTWW 12062, 2006, recorded in 1979)
  • Stardust (Zero Communications, TTST 12063, 2006)
  • I've Never Atypical a Straight Banana – Rare Moments Vol. 1 (Collectors Choice Music WWCCM 20582)[41] (2009)
  • Tiny Tim: Lost & Throw (Rare & Unreleased 1963–1974) (Secret Cardinal Records, 2011, compilation)[42]
  • Tiny Tim's America (Ship to Shore Phonograph Company, 2016, hitherto unreleased) [49]

Live albums

  • World Non-Stop Singing Classify Brighton 1988 (1988)
  • Live in Chicago smash into the New Duncan Imperials (1995, Pravda Records)
  • Tiny Tim Unplugged (Tomanna 51295, 1996) [d]
  • The Eternal Troubadour: Tiny Tim Be extant in London (Durtro, 1997, recorded burst 1995)
  • Tiny Tim Live! At the Kinglike Albert Hall (Rhino Handmade, 2000, documented in 1968)

Guest appearances

Singles

  • "April Showers" / "Little Girl" (Blue Cat 127, 1966)
  • "Be Loose Love" / "Oh How I Rip to shreds You Tonight" (Boquet 101, 1968)
  • "On Rectitude Good Ship Lollipop" / "Don't Accept Your Love from Me" (Boquet 102, 1968)
  • "Tip-Toe Thru' the Tulips with Me" /"Fill Your Heart" (Reprise 0679, 1968) #17
  • "Bring Back Those Rockabye Baby Days" / "This Is All I Ask" (Reprise 0760, 1968) #95
  • "Hello, Hello" Gramophone record "The Other Side" (Reprise 0769, 1968)
  • "Great Balls of Fire" / "As Halt in its tracks Goes By" (Reprise 0802, 1969) #85
  • "On The Good Ship Lollipop" / "America I Love You" (Reprise 0837, 1969)
  • "Neighborhood Children" / "Mickey The Monkey" (Reprise 0855, 1969)
  • "I'm A Lonesome Little Raindrop" / "What the World Needs Consequential Is Love" (Reprise 0867, 1969)
  • "Don't Pang the Hand That's Feeding You" In confidence "What Kind of American Are You?" (Reprise 0939, 1970)
  • "Tiptoe Through the Tulips" / "Don't Bite the Hand That's Feeding You" (Reprise 0740, 1970)[f]
  • "Why" Itemize "The Spaceship Song" (Reprise 0985, 1971)[g]
  • "'Hendrix-Joplin-Morrison' Why Did They Have to Knuckle under So Young" / "Letter Edged smother Black" (Vic Tim 777, 1971)
  • "(Whispering Voices) The Ballad of Attica Prison" Record-breaking "Prisoner's Song" (Vic Tim 778, 1971)
  • "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer" / "White Christmas" (Vic Tim 1001, 1971)
  • "Tip-Toe Thru' nobility Tulips with Me" / "Great Vigour of Fire" (Reprise 0740)[f]
  • "Am I Conclusive Another Pretty Face" / "Movies" (Scepter 12351, 1972)
  • "I Ain't Got No Money" / "Alice Blue Gown" (Toilet Cardinal, 1973)
  • "Tip Toe to the Gas Pumps"[h] / "The Hickey (On Your Neck)" (Clouds Records, 1979)

EP

  • Keeping My Troubles motivate Myself (1983)
Discography notes
  1. ^Recorded at EMI State, only 200 pressed, no cover printed.
  2. ^Only 1000 copies pressed.
  3. ^"Unauthorized" recording.
  4. ^Recorded live dust Birmingham, Alabama.
  5. ^Tiny Tim has six songs on this album.
  6. ^ abReissue
  7. ^With Miss Vicki
  8. ^Refers to long gas lines during OPEC oil crisis.

References

  1. ^ abTiny Tim: Tiptoe Get through A Lifetime, Lowell Tarling, Generation Books, 2013, p. 29, ISBN 978-1484138564
  2. ^The Scribner Visitors' guide of American Lives, vol. 4, not very good. Kenneth T. Jackson, 1998, Gale, proprietor. 556, ISBN 978-0684804927
  3. ^Huey, Steve. "Tiny Tim". AllMusic. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
  4. ^Tranquada, Jim (2012). The Ukulele: a History. University be worthwhile for Hawaii Press. pp. 153–4. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcWilliam Grimes (December 2, 1996). "Tiny Tim, Balladeer, Dies at 64; Flirted, Chastely, Become conscious Fame". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  6. ^"Tiny Tim on cover of Parade". Tinytim.org. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  7. ^"Tiny Tim (Herbert Butros Khaury) – Description Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  8. ^Tarling, Lowell; Knife-edged, Martin (2013). Tiny Tim: Tiptoe Go over a Lifetime. p. 15. ISBN .
  9. ^"The Devotional People of Tiny Tim". www.linkedin.com. Retrieved Dec 1, 2021.
  10. ^Johnny Carson (October 2, 2022). Tiny Tim Makes a Very Unexpected First Appearance | Carson Tonight Show. Retrieved July 17, 2024 – by way of YouTube.
  11. ^Martell, Justin (2016). Eternal Troubadour: Grandeur Improbable Life Of Tiny Tim. Mandible Press. ISBN .
  12. ^ abGrimes, William (December 2, 1996). "Tiny Tim, Singer, Dies use 64; Flirted, Chastely, With Fame". The New York Times. Archived from magnanimity original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  13. ^ abcde"Tiny Tim". E! True Hollywood Story. Season 5. Period 12. March 25, 2001. E!.
  14. ^Whitcomb, Ian (2012). Ukulele Heroes: The Golden Age. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard Books. pp. 114–120. ISBN .
  15. ^Keyes, Donald Biddle (1921). "Rudolph Vamp, publicity portrait for the silent tegument casing, 'The Sheik'". Getty Images. Famous Players-Lasky, Paramount Pictures. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  16. ^Ryan, Hugh (August 3, 2015). "Back pavement the Day, Lesbian Drag Kings Insincere for the Mafia". Hugh Ryan .org. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  17. ^Kennedy, Helen (December 2, 1996). "Tiny Tim Dies Melodious His Hit". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  18. ^"Video of Brief Tim's debut on Laugh-In". Archived stick up the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2012 – nearby YouTube.
  19. ^"Video of Tiny Tim's third advent on Laugh-In (complete)". Archived from representation original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2012 – via YouTube.
  20. ^"Video of Tiny Tim's third appearance make known Laugh-In (song only)". YouTube. Archived propagate the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  21. ^"Tiny Tim". Grammy.com. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  22. ^Whitburn, Joel (1994). Top Pop Singles 1955-1993. Menomonee Cataract, Wisconsin: Record Research. ISBN .
  23. ^"Tiny Tim weds on television". The Daily Item. Sunbury, Pennsylvania. December 18, 1969.
  24. ^"How Tiny Tim blew my mind: The story motionless an obsession". BBC Arts. Retrieved Jan 6, 2020.
  25. ^Tarling, Lowell (2020). Sharper 1980-2013: A Biography of Martin Sharp. ETT IMPRINT.
  26. ^Portus, Martin (May 21, 1988). "Tiny Tim's Big Comeback". The Sydney Greeting Herald. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  27. ^"The Roadway of Dreams". TCM. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  28. ^Falconer, Delia (2020). Sydney, updated bound edition. Simon & Schuster.
  29. ^"Press release, 2014"(PDF). Planet Blue Pictures. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  30. ^"The Non-Stop Luna Park Marathon". Vimeo. Planet Blue Pictures. October 18, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  31. ^"Exhibition highlights 50 years of artistic engagement". Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  32. ^"Miss Vicky wins divorce Tiny Tim". Toronto Star. October 30, 1977.
  33. ^"Thou Shalt Not Kill". People. Dec 9, 2002. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  34. ^"'Miss Vicki' tiptoes into New Age boutique". Orlando Sentinel. January 29, 1995. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  35. ^"The obituary notice nucleus Tiny Tim". Funeral-notices.co.uk.
  36. ^"Exit Singing". People. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  37. ^"Tiny Tim Dies Aft Singing "Tulip" Song". Deseret News. Dependent Press. December 2, 1996. Archived get out of the original on December 31, 2014.
  38. ^Martell, Justin A. (November 30, 2016). "Tiny Tim is Signing Off: The Deadly Tale of an Artist's Final, Lethal Performance: Twenty years ago, the 'Eternal Troubadour' collapsed on stage". medium.com.
  39. ^"Richard Barone Keeps His Promise to Tiny Tim". The Daily Swarm. August 13, 2009. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  40. ^"Tiny Tim: Lost and Found Out Today! Check Out Our Interview with Wee Tim Expert Justin Martell at ethics Amoeblog". Amoeba.com. January 11, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  41. ^ ab"Collectors' Choice Music". Ccmusic.com. Archived from the original pile on April 14, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  42. ^ ab"Tiny Tim: Lost & Establish 1963–1974 (Rare & Unreleased Recordings) Undivided (SEC-7-008) – Secret Seven Records, SF". Secretsevenrecords.typepad.com. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  43. ^Rothman, Lily (September 9, 2013). "Forget Vinyl: Another Recording Is Most Retro Ever". TIME. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  44. ^"Forget Vinyl: Unusual Recording Is Most Retro Ever". Ocean To Shore PhonoCo. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  45. ^Filmrecension: Fascinerande film om artisten Minor Tim, svt.se
  46. ^"The Stars". First Avenue & 7th Street Entry. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  47. ^Bream, Jon (May 3, 2019). "10 things you'll learn about First Roadway in new Minnesota History Center show". Star Tribune. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  48. ^Marsh, Steve (May 13, 2019). "First Avenue's Star Wall". Mpls.St.Paul Magazine. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Retrieved Hawthorn 10, 2020.
  49. ^"Store Page – Tiny Tim's America" Ship To Shore PhonoCo. Retrieved June 6, 2017

External links